This study intended to search for psychological factor experienced by dancers through dancing, from the aspect of positive psychology, and based upon it, to prove feasibility of the concept structure of positive psychology factor of dance. Thus, this study first collected factors of positive psychology experienced by dancing, through an open-ended questionnaire, intended for 110 undergraduates majoring in dance, who are attending universities located Seoul and Gyeonggi province, and then performed a professional conference and inductive analysis. As the result of it, 37 items of detailed area and 8 items of general area were deduced, based upon them, this study made 63 items of pre-survey questionnaire and executed a series of pre-survey for correcting and deleting questions, intended for 90 dancers. Questionnaire with 43 questions finally confirmed by statistical verification was posed for 257 dancers, in order to analyze exploratory factor. As the result of exploratory factor analysis, totally 4 factor s of ability, competence, achievement, and expression, 16 questions were deduced. In order to verify suitability of the structure of these factors, the final questionnaire containing 16 questions was posed for 479 dancers, and then confirmatory factor analysis was performed. As the result of it, the most part of suitability index for four-factor structure (Q=4.044, RMSEA=.080, CFI=.937, TLI=.923)finely corresponded to the acceptable range of model. Consequently, a concept structure of dancer`s positive psychology, proved by this study, demonstrated four-factor structure of ability, competence, achievement, and expression.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the social dance program on mental health and self-esteem of the elderly women living alone. The eight participants of the study were the elderly women who has lived alone in D-city. In this study the integrated research methods such as observation, interview, and questionnaire were used to investigate the change of the participants` mental health and self-esteem participating in the social dance program for 12 weeks. The data were collected through the questionnaires, observations, in-depth interviews and video tapes recording and systematically analyzed by the SPSS for the quantitative data and the content analysis for the qualitative data. The results are as follows: The physical activities in social dance program had positive and significant effect to make more positive on mental health and self-esteem of the elderly women, and functioned as the motivating power to develop their constructive self-image in physical, mental, and social respects.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of exercise needs on exercise adherence questionnaire and intention to dropout of leisure sports participants. Through judgment sampling method, selected 288 survey questionnaires were used for final analysis from leisure sports participants. With the collected data, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and stepwise regression analysis were performed by SPSS na.0. The results of the analysis were summarized as follows. First, there were significant differences partially of exercise needs, exercise adherence questionnaire, and intention to dropout by personal attributes. Second, the health needs, social needs, and body needs impacts positively(+) influence on exercise adherence questionnaire predisposing, and the ostentation needs and fun needs impacts positively(+) influence on exercise adherence questionnaire enabling. Moreover, the fun needs and body needs impacts positively(+) influence on exercise adherence questionnaire reinforcing. Third, the health needs impacts positively(+) influence, but ostentation needs impacts negatively(-) influence on intention to dropout.

The purpose of this study examined the relationship between elite archers` psychological states at every shooting time and gained score, the effects of "self-monitoring check-list on the psychological states" intervention designed to learn the one` mind for the peak performance and improve performance using a single-subject replication-reversal design, The participants were 4 high-level male archers, range of single round score 1340-1350. As a ? x2 results, The negative thinking and analysis of skill factors during the shooting time affected the score negatively, completed mind positively. Within a replication-reversal design, self-monitoring training on the psychological states produced considerable improvement on dependent measure. Social validation measures indicated that the produces improved quality of shooting and were rated positively by all of the archers.

This purpose of this research was to examine the relationships among sport emotion, optimism and hope of Pilates` participants. In order to accomplish the purpose of this research, A total of 233 responses were selected for the effective data. The data were analyzed by the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, structure model analysis by using SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0 program. The results of this research were as followings. First, sport emotion were seargorized into 5 factors: fun, pride, seaharsis, vital, achievement. Alea, sport emotion infsienced positively on optimism. Second, hope were categorized into 2 factors: pathway thinking and agency thinking. And optimism influenced positively on hope.

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the in-depth information of Dancesports Partnership. Open-ended question, 5w-1h, was asked 6 elite high school athletes, 4 professional athletes and 2 professional coaches. and then we conducted in-depth interview added in question about relationship between partnership and performance, ideal dancesports Partnership. data for open-ended questionnaire and in-depth interview were collected and then their contents were analyzed inductively. According to the suggestion of validity committee, 325 adopted raw data were categorized into 29 specific domains and 6 general domains. The results of in-depth interview showed that dancesports partnership always expressed; no limitation of when, where. Dancesports partnership expressed by partner, audience, peer-group, parents, coaches, and their counter-partner. They considered that partnership is a great manners, consideration, self-sacrifice. But they thought that Winning is the ultimate goal of their partnership. They preferred consideration, commitment, superior performance, appearance, physique and financial states for ideal partnership. we discussed the traits and factor according to the results on dacnesports partnership. Finally we are suggested the limitation and direction of future research.

This study was to prove the effect of regular exercise program on self-discrepancy of eating disorder women. Three women with eating disorder were selected as participants using the purposive sampling and were participated in regular exercise for seven weeks. The data were gathered with a exercise diary, a observation diary, a constructed interview. The collected data were utilized for drawing the result by using content analysis, and also executed descriptive statistics with self-questionnaire for reliability of the result. In a case of eating disorder women A and C, self-discrepancy was decreased by enhanced actual-self evaluation. It was affected from improved physical-self evaluation, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Also decreased self-guides had a positive influence on self-discrepancy. On the other hand, in a case of eating disorder women B, self-discrepancy was increased during exercise participation. It was affected from eating disorder women B`s physical dissatisfaction, low self-esteem, circumstance related job, and narcissistic personality.

The purpose of this study was not only to develop inventories for measuring sport ability beliefs and behavioral regulations among secondary school and college athletes and examine its cross-validation (Study 1), but also to investigate structural relationships between sport ability beliefs, achievement goals, and behavioral regulations among collegiate athletes (Study 2). 1,689 male and female athletes from secondary school to university participated in study 1 for the development of two inventories and its validation, and 596 male and female collegiate athletes participated in study 2. In study 1, the result of confirmatory factor analysis showed that four beliefs of sport ability exist among student-athletes. Factorial invariance of sport ability beliefs questionnaire was examined through multi-group analysis across gender, grades, and sport types. Latent mean analysis indicated that scores for subfactors were differentiated in gender, grades, and sport types. In sport behavioral regulation questionnaire, factorial structure consisting of six subfactors were supported by CFA. Factorial invariance across groups was supported by multi-group analysis. Latent mean was differentiated only in gender. Study 2, the results of structural relationships confirmed that learning predicted task-oriented goal, and task-oriented goal directly affected to perceived competence, which in turn affected to behavioral regulation trough perceived competence.

The purpose of this study was to test the internal and external validity and temporal stability of the Physical Education Class Satisfaction Questionnaire(PECSQ) modified into secondary school physical education from Physical Activity Class Satisfaction Questionnaire (PACSQ) developed by Cunningham(2007). 1,255 boys and girls students from several middle and high schools participated in the study. For data analysis descriptive statistics, principle component analysis, reliability test, correlation, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. The results of CFA indicated that PECSQ consists of eight subfactors of satisfaction (improvement of health and fitness, fun and enjoyment, mastery experience, teaching, normative success, interaction with others, diversionary experience and relaxation, and cognitive development), and have factorial structures commonly applicable to both boys and girls. The results of latent mean analysis showed that boys were higher in all of satisfaction factors than girls, whereas high school students were lower in level of satisfaction associated with improvement of health and fitness, mastery experience, teaching, normative success, and cognitive development than middle school students. In conclusion, PECSQ with external validity and temporal stability can be used as a inventory being able to measure the levels of middle and high school students` satisfaction experienced through physical education classes.

The purpose of this research is to develop a quantitative scale of interest factors that golfers experience. To develop a scale, researchers merged the survey questions of Kim Byung Jun, Seong Chang Hoon(1997), Kim Byung Jun, Kim Jung Soo(1998), Lee Kye Yun with two others (1997), scanalan with two others(1993) and after some discussion with experts, we drew out preliminary items. We conducted a questionnaire survey using open-ended questions to 100 golfers who understand golf well and have played golf more than five years. Using the inductive method, we classified the answers of the survey into three categories: raw data, details, and general data. Among the classified items, we deleted some repeated items and vague ones. After this work, we made 65 preliminary questions; and after the pilot study of 100 golfers who play golf about three to four times a month and have played golf more than five years, we finally selected 30 questions. The subject of this research is 300 male female golfers who live in Seoul, Kwang-Ju, and Cheon-nam, practice golf at a driving range about 3~4 times per week, and play golf at a field about 2~3times per month. To research golfers who understand several characteristics of golf, we limited their golfing ability to the handicap of 100 for male golfers and 110 for female golfers. Also they should have more than one year of golf playing experience. In this research, the interest factor scales were five; and the final survey questions were 26: 6 questions on physical health, 6 on improvement of record, 5 on stress relief, 4 on social recognition, and 5 on self-improvement. The internal reliability of each factor was .755~.839, and the whole internal reliability was .910. As a result of the factor analysis on each factor, the overall index of suitability turned out to be fine. Therefore, the validity of the scale was clarified.

The study researched the difference of the tendency toward sense pursuit and exercise satisfaction in accordance with the age of women participants in regularly taking part in practical sports, and was carried out to infer Multi-Dimensional relationship between the tendency toward sense pursuit and exercise satisfaction for women participants to perceive. To solve this purpose, making a collection of 193 women, we analyzed a series of statistics on the Exploratory factor analysis, verifing reliability, and MANOVA. As a result, it was shown that the difference of sense pursuit concerning the age was that women in their 20s was higher than women in their 40s in terms of thrill, pursuit of challenge, and sensitivity of weariness, and that exercise satisfaction of women in their 20s was higher than that of women in their 40s in terms of health improvement and lives, and that women in their 40s was higher than women in their 20s in terms of enhancing appearances. In conclusion, analyzing the relationship between sense pursuit and exercise satisfaction, we could recognize that subfactor of sense pursuit had a positive impact on exercise satisfaction for health improvement, lives, and enhancing appearances.

This study was conducted for determining difference in factors restricting and promoting female elders` practice of exercise according to age, and to identify restriction factors in a multi-dimensional relation with factors promoting their practice of exercise. For this purpose, we sampled 140 female elders at the age of 65 or older, and analyzed their response using a rating scale whose psychometric validity had been tested. In the results of MANOVA, factors restricting female elders` practice of exercise different according to age were lack of time and health-disease, and factors promoting the practice of exercise were not different according to age. In addition, when multiple regression analysis and canonical correlation analysis were performed for testing the multi-dimensional relation between factors restricting and promoting the practice of exercise, the restriction factor related to the promotion factors was concern about injury. One canonical correlation analysis was derived, in which exercise promotion factors such as exercise benefit, exercise inducement, exercise hour, and social activity decreased when concern about injury, namely, fear of or worry about injury was high, and the explanatory power of the function was 13.3%. From these results, it was concluded that concern about injury was the biggest restriction factor against the promotion of female elders` practice of exercise, and had a negative effect on the promotion of female elders` practice of exercise.

The aim of this study was to explore consisting construct of dance flow in a performance, develop a scale and verify the validity thereof. An open-ended questionnaire was conducted with 240 participants who majored in dance. An exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were also conducted with 300 participants so as to develop a scale for measuring dance flow. Moreover the convergent validity were conducted with 212 participants. As a result of conducting the open-ended questionnaire, 518 cases of raw data were sampled and they were classified into 39 subcategories. Here, they were reclassified into 6 general categories as follows; autotelic experience, heightened concentration, merging of action and awareness, sense of achievtient and self-confidence, somnolency and analogue state, and altered state of consciousness awareness.ntased on the collected dance flow eleients, a pilot questionnaire with 42 items was designed and conducted accorows;ly. Subsequently, based on its result, descriptive statistics and reliabiot q analysis were made, and the exploratory factor analysis was repeatedntsconducted. Consequently a dance flow questionnaire was designed consisting 5 factors with 28 items. Based on the sampled 5 factors and 28 items, the confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to identify the factor structure. As a result, the dance flow factors ultimately confirmed in this study were composed of 20 items with the following 5 factors; autotelic experience, merging of action and awareness, heightened concentration, solmnency and analogue state, and sense of achievement and self-confidence. A significant correlation was found in all factors, hence confirming the convergent validity.

This study was aimed to demonstrate the self-serving bias and group-serving bias through the difference in attribution to self-enhancement and self-handicapping. The participants were 204 soccer athletes on six high school teams and the data were collected usings a questionnaire concerning Self-Enhancement, Self-Handicapping, perceived importance of competition and egoinvolvement. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and two-way MANOVA. The Results are showed as follows: First, athletes with a high SE judged the teamwork that contributed to their win, and athletes with a low SE judged their own individual work to have contributed to their win. Also, athletes with a low SH judged the luck and poor ability of the losing opposite team. Second, athletes with a high SH judged their individual work that contributed to their loss, and athletes with a low SH judged the excellence of the opposite team to have contributed to there loss. We discussed the personality and social environment according to the results. Finally, we suggest limitations and direction of future research.